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Objective To study the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of the bacterial strains isolated from lower respiratory tract in children,to provide evidence for better clinical management.Methods The medical data of children (0-5 years of age) with lower respiratory tract infection were retrospectively reviewed.The children were treated during the period from September 2014 to September 2016.Results Of the 4815 sputum samples collected from the lower respiratory tract of children,1582 (32.86％) had a positive bacterial culture.A total of 1614 strains of pathogens were identified.The most common bacterial pathogen was Haemophilus influenzae (9.66％),followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.12％) and Moraxella catarrhalis (5.15％).The bacterial detection rate varied greatly with season and the age of children (P＜0.01).H.influenzae,M.catarrhalis and S.pneumoniae isolates showed lower resistance rate to cefotaxime,all ＜20.0％.Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed lower resistance rate to cefotetan,imipenem and piperacillin tazobactam,all ＜ 10％.Less than 20％ of the S.aureus strains were resistant to oxacillin.Conclusions H.influenzae is the most frequently isolated pathogen from lower respiratory tract in children aged 0 to 5 years in Neijiang Sichuan Province,followed by S.pneumoniae and M.catarrhalis.The detection rate of bacterial pathogens varies with season and the age of children.Antimicrobial agents should be selected rationally based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing to reduce the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in clinical pathogens.
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Objective To study the characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection by Streptococcus pneumonia in children aged from 0 to 5 years and drug resistance,so as to provide the rational basis for clinical treatment and epidemiology.Methods The medical data from 4 815 children aged 0 to 5 years with lower respiratory tract infection between September 2014 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Results Totally 343 strains of Streptococcus pneumonia were isolated from 4 815 sputum samples,with the isolation rate of 7.12％.Of the isolated streptococcus pneumonia strains,80.76％ were isolated from the children with pneumonia,9.33％ were isolated from the children with bronchitis,5.83％ were isolated from the children with capillary bronchitis,4.08％ were isolated from the children with bronchial asthma.There was no significant difference in the incidence of Streptococcus pneumonia infections between the genders of the children(P>0.05),but the incidence of Streptococcus pneumonia detection rates differed significantly in different seasons and children of different ages,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumonia to penicillin,erythromycin and clindamycin were 51.0％,97.9％ and 97.1％ respectively;The sensitivity rates to cefotaxime and vancomycin were 71.1％ and 100.0％ respectively.Conclusion The children aged less than 1 years old are at the high risk of Streptococcus pneumonia infection and highest detection rates in winter,it is necessary to perform the drug susceptibility testing in a timely manner so as to choice reasonable antimicrobial agents to control the condition.
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Twenty eight polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients complicated with insulin resistance, whose testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were normal, received metformin treatment (500 mg b.i.d) for 3 months.Blood anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, endocrine and metabolic parameters were measured before and after treatment.The mean levels of AMH were not significantly changed after 3 months of treatment [(8.4±3.2) vs.(8.5±3.2) μg/L, P=0.148].However, the BMI[(27.6±4.1) vs.(29.3±4.4)kg/m2], fast glucose[(5.32±0.47) vs.(5.55±0.71)mmol/L], fast insulin [(93.3±17.8) vs.(147.7±44.1)pmol/L] and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (3.17±0.71 vs.5.27±1.85) were significantly decreased after treatment (all P<0.05).The results indicate that metformin treatment may not significantly affect serum AMH levels, although it can improve the insulin resistance and reduce the BMI value in PCOS patients.
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Objective To explore the method and significance for constructing three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung. Methods A set of pig lung specimen was infused with epoxy resin-lead oxide through the trachea,and then casted. The Mimics 15. 0 was used to construct three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung by utilizing CT data of the cast specimen. Results In the reconstructed three-dimensional visual model of bronchial tree,the three-dimensional effect was realistic. This model not only clearly showed each lobar direction and distribution of bronchial tree,but also allowed three-dimensional arbitrary scaling,shifting or rotating at any angle, and the diameter and distance of each lobar bronchus could be measured with the sofeware. Conclusion The three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung can be successfully reconstructed from the CT dataset by using related sofeware like Mimics,which can bring morphological reference to anatomical teaching and will be helpful to the development of virtual operation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRH-a) on pregnancy outcome in patients with endometriosis infertility after laparoscopic surgery.Methods Two hundred and twenty two patients treated with laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis infertility in Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2010 and December 2012 were enrolled and 184 patients completed the study.Patients were randomly assigned to two groups:110 patients in GnRH-a group received long-acting GnRH-a (3.75 mg injection every 28 d for 3 times) before trying to conceive,74 patients in control group were directly trying to conceive for 1 to 36 months.According to endometriosis fertility index (EFI),patients were further subgrouped:GnRH-a group 1 (EFI scores =6-10,n =83),GnRH-a group 2 (EFI scores =0-5,n =27),control group 1 (EFI scores =6-10,n =55) and control group 2 (EFI scores =0-5,n =19).The cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) and abortion rate were compared among groups and subgroups.Results The patients were followed up for 1 to 36 months after trying to conceive,with a median follow-up time of 14 months.The total CPR was 62％ (114/184),the median time for gestation was 11 months.Within the first 6 months after operation,the CPR in GnRH-a group and its subgroups were lower than those in corresponding control groups,with significant difference between GnRH-a group and control group [9％ (10/110) vs.32％ (24/74),x2 =16.00,P ＜0.01],GnRH-a group 1 and control group 1 [8％ (7/83) vs.38％ (21/55),x2 =18.10,P ＜0.01].Within 12 months,24 months and 36 months,the CPR in GnRH-a group and its subgroups were all higher than those in corresponding control groups [66％ (55/83) vs.49％ (27/55),x2 =4.05,P ＜ 0.05].The pregnant rate within 12 months in GnRH-a group was 88％ (63/72),which was not significantly different to that in control group [76％ (32/42),x2 =2.44,P ＞ 0.05].Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there were no significant difference in CPR between GnRH-a group and control group,GnRH-a group 1 and control group 1,GnRH-a group 2 and control group 2 (all P ＞ 0.05).The median time for gestation in GnRH-a group and its subgroups were shorter than those in corresponding control group.The median time for gestation in GnRH-a group was 10 (95％ CI:8.2-11.8) months and that in control group was 17 (95％ CI:1l.8-22.1) months.The abortion rate in GnRH-a group and control group was 11％ (7/72) and 26％ (11/42),respectively (x2 =4.34,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Administration of GnRH-a for 3 cycles can improve postoperative pregnancy rate within 1 year and reduce the abortion rate for endometriosis infertile patients after laparoscopic surgery especially for these with strong fertility.
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Objective To evaluate the three-dimensional reconstruction and significance of arterial cast on chronic venous insufficiency of low extremity. Methods A set of specimen on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity amputation residues was infused with epoxy resin-lead oxide through the femoral artery,and then casted. The CT data of the cast specimen was used to reconstruct 3D modal of ar-tery on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity,using the volume rendering(VR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP). Re-sults The cast specimen and 3D reconstruction of chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity amputation residues could clearly dis-play distribution and run of lower extremity arteries,blood supply of lesion and local region embolism of small artery ( arteriole) . Conclusion The 3D modal of artery on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity should provide morphological basis of exact etiology and perfect pathogenesis,also has a certain guiding significance of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective To explore the expression status of carbonic anhydrase Ⅲ (CA Ⅲ) from quadriceps femoris muscle in two kinds of muscle clinical phenotype (skeletal muscle atrophy group and skeletal muscles non-atrophy group) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Totally 37 inpatients from our hospital,were divided into 11 patients without COPD and 26 patients with COPD,in addition,according to body mass index,fat free mass index and quadriceps cross-section diameter,patients with COPD were divided into 14 skeletal muscles non-atrophy patients (SMNA)and 12 skeletal muscle atrophy patients (SMA).CA Ⅲ concentration of femoris quadriceps specimens was quantitatively determined using Western blot methods,CA Ⅲ mRNA expression levels of femoris quadriceps specimens were also quantitatively measured using RT-PCR,then compared among the 3 groups.Results There was significant difference in CA Ⅲ quantitative concentration and CA Ⅲ mRNA expression level in each group (P ＜ 0.05),further more,CA Ⅲ concentration expression level was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01)in SMA group (1.260 ± 0.068) than in SMNA group (1.110 ± 0.014),the latter was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01) than in the control group (1.000 ± O.062).CA Ⅲ mRNA expression level was significantly higher(P ＜ 0.01) in SMNA group(2.170 ±0.412) than in the control group(1.000 ±0.115),and was significantly lower than in SMA group (3.770 ± 0.788 ; P ＜ O.01).CA Ⅲ concentration and CA Ⅲ mRNA expression level increased at equal pace in SMNA group and SMA group,however,CA Ⅲ quantitative concentration and CA Ⅲ mRNA expression level were inconsistent in the two groups.Conclusion The expression status of CA Ⅲ in quadriceps femoris muscle was different in two kinds of muscle clinical phenotype of COPD.
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Objective To study the impact on pregnant outcome of reducing the number of embryos transferred from three to two in women at age less than 35 who received frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). Methods The analysis was performed on 90 FET cycles (77 infertile couples,less than 35 years old) with slow-freezing/rapid-thawing method, including 48 cycles with two embryos transferred and 42 cycles with three embryos transferred. The embryo survival rate, high quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and multiple pregnancies rate were analyzed. Results No significant differences in embryo survival rate (88.9% versus 88.1%), high quality embryo rate (89.6% versus 81.0%), clinical pregnancy rate (37.5% versus 42.9%), implantation rate (26.0% versus 18.3%) and multiple pregnancy rate (38.9% versus 16.7%) were observed between two and three embryos transferred group (all P > 0.05). However, there were 2 triple pregnancies in three embryos transferred group while none in two embryos transferred group. Conclusion Reducing the number of high quality embryos transferred from three to two in women at age of less than 35 years old who received FET,could decrease the incidence of triple pregnancy and keep the similar clinical pregnancy rate.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the mierosatellite polymorphism of heme oxygenase-1(HOX-1)gene promoter and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Han nationality of Southwest China and CT imaging.Method The alleles frequencies with varying number of(GT)n repeatings in the Hox-1 gene in 180 smokers with COPD and in 150 healthy smokers were analyzed.Results Polymorphisms of the(GT)n repeats were grouped into three classes:S(≤25 repeats),M(26-31 repeats),L(≥32repeats).The proportion of genotypic frequencies in the group with class L alleles(L/S,L/M,I/L)was significantly higher in the smokers with COPD than in healthy smokers(29.4%vs18.7%,P=0.023,OR=1.8,95%CI 1.1-3.1).However,there was no relationship between the polymorphism of HOX-1 gene and subtypes of COPD by CT imaging in COPD patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion Genetic polymorphism in Hox-1 is associated with development of COPD in Han nationality of Southwest China.But the polymorphism of HOX-1 gene is not associated with subtypes of COPD by CT imaging.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between GSTP1 exon5 A/G polymorphism and clinic phenotype of COPD in the population of the Han nationality from southwest China.Methods Using PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),genotypes of Ile105Val polymorphism in exon5 of GSTP1 were determined in 91 patients with COPD and 87 healthy control subjects.Results No significant differences were observed in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of exon5 of GSTP1 between COPD patients and the healthy controls.The frequency of Ile105 in pink puffer patients was much more than that in the blue bloater patients.The CT scores of emphysema in patients with Ile105 was significantly higher than those with Val105.Conclusions The genetic polymorphism of exon5 of GSTP1 may not be associated with the susceptivity of COPD in the populations of the Han nationality from southwest China,but may be correlated with clinical phenotypes and lung parenchyma damage of COPD patients in the present population.